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Building Management Application1999

Barnes & Noble Property Management Ltd. 訴 Hodsun Ltd.

Related cases with same parties

  • HCSA27/1999BARNES & NOBLE PROPERTY MANAGEMENT LTD. AND ANOTHER v. HODSUN LTD.
  • LDBM104/2001BARNES & NOBLE PROPERTY MANAGEMENT LTD. AND ANOTHER v. THE INCORPORATED OWNERS OF KWAN YICK BUILDING PHASE III

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28156-CH-2000-03-29

Barnes & Noble Property Management Ltd. 訴 Hodsun Ltd.

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LDBM000355A/1999

香港特別行政區土地審裁處

建築物管理申請編號1999年第LDBM 355宗

 

Barnes & Noble Property Management Ltd.第一申請人
Billion Terrace Management Ltd.第二申請人
訴
Hodsun Ltd.答辯人

主審法官:周兆熊法官

宣判日期:2000年3月29日

 

______________

判 決 書

______________

 

1. 第一申請人是位於香港跑馬地藍塘路137至139號名為“千葉居”大廈的前任管理服務公司,第二申請人是它的代理,而答辯人是千葉居B座1樓1號室及21號車位的業主。二位申請人於1998年12月9日在小額錢債審裁處提出訴訟。1999年11月9日小額錢債審裁處的審裁官將此案移交至土地審裁處。

2. 二位申請人的申請是:

(i) The total accumulated deficit of the building (Billion Terrace) up to 26.10.1998 that had been audited is HK$565,204.69.

(ii) Calculation of Share of Deficit for the subject premises :-

56 (Management share of the

$36,506.88

HK$565,204.69 x

premises and car parking space)

(Accumulated Deficit Amount) 867 (Total Management Shares)

Less :Management Fee Deposit Respondent paid$9,135.00
Capital Equipment Fund$3,045.00
Public Electricity & Water Deposit$1,448.00
$22,878.88
========

3. 根據第一申請人的証供,“管理赤字”的產生,是由於管理費的支出超過管理費的收入。第一申請人曾經管有管理按金20萬,但這筆按金已被耗用於管理的支出。直至第一申請人終止服務之日(1998年10月26日),管理赤字是$565,204.69。它向答辯人追收的金額($22,878.88)是答辯人應佔的管理赤字的份數減去它已繳納的管理按金。

司法管轄權

4. 就此申請,本席必須考慮本庭是否具有司法管轄權。《建築物管理條例》(“條例“)第45條對土地審裁處在建築物管理方面所具有的司法管轄權有以下的規定:

“(1) 審裁處具有聆訊及裁決附表10所指明的任何法律程序的司法管轄權。

(2) 除本條適用的人外,任何人不得開始及進行第(1)款所提述的任何法律程序。

(3) ……………………

(4) 本條適用於下述各人

(a) 業主;

(b) 第3(1)(a)或(b)條所提述的人;

(c) 管理委員員會;

(d) 法團;

(e) 第VIA部所指的經理人;

(f) 第VIA部所指的業主委員會;

(g) 巳登記承按人;

(h) 管理人;

(i) 在審裁處許可下,租客代表;或

(j) 在審裁處許可下,於土地註冊處註冊的文書包括公契(如有的話)所指明的任何其他人。”

5. 條例第34D條對(4)(e)款所指的“經理人”,有如下的釋義:

‘就一座建築物而言,指當其時為有關建築物的公契的執行而管理該建築物的人’

' "Manager"(經理人)in respect of a building, means the person who for the time being is , for the purposes of the deed of mutual covenant in respect of the building, managing that building."

英文的釋義清楚指出經理人是現任的經理人。在Universal Property Management Service Limited v. The Incorperated Owners of Ying Ga Garden (建築管理案件編號1997年第BM33宗)一案,主審該案的李法官亦作出相同的判決。 申請人於1998年10月26日終止為法團的經理人。自1998年10月27日起,第一申請人已不是千葉居的經理人,故此本席無權審理此案。

6. “管理赤字”是千葉居整體的管理赤字,而$565,204.69的赤字是累積至1998年10月26日為止的赤字。千葉居的業主立案法團(“法團”)成立於1996年。根據條例第16條的規定,追討管理赤字的法律程序,必須向法團提出。第16條的規定如下:

“建築物業主根據第8條成立為法團後,業主所具有的與建築物公用部份有關的權利、權力、特權、職責,須由法團而非業主行使及執行;而業主所負有的與建築物公用部分有關的法律責任,除本條例條文另有規定外,亦須針對法團而非針對業主執行;”

由於上述的規定, 申請人必須以法團,而不是個別的業主,作為訴訟的對象。

7. 假設本席有權審理此案,第一申請人所呈交的証物所列載管理赤字的數據,袛是到1995年10月為止。申請人沒有傳召有關的會計師,以致有關整個管理赤字的會計師報告不能被接納為呈堂証物,故此第一申請人未有足夠証據,証明管理赤字為$565,204.69。

8. 基於上述的理由,本席撤銷二位申請人的申請。

反申索的申請

9. 在本案,答辯人對第一申請人提出下列的反申索:

"(a) an Order that an account of the said sum of HK$22,268.00 be taken;

(b) an Order that the 1st Applicant be required to account to the Respondent whatever is found due from the taking of accounts;

(c) interests;

(d) such other relief; and

(e) costs."

10. 答辯人在反對通知書(表格7)內提出對申請人的反申索。《土地審裁處規則》(“規則”) 第77及第78條對法律程序的展開及對申請的反對,有下列的規定:

“77. 根據條例提出的法律程序,須藉申請人提交以下的文件而展開 -

(a) 如屬根據第4條提出,須向司法常務主任提交大致上符合表格27格式的申請通知書;

(b) 如屬根據第31條提出,須向司法常務主任提交大致上符合表格28格式的申請通知書;

(c) 如屬根據附表10提出,須向司法常務主任提交大致上符合表格29格式的申請通知書;

78. 反對通知書

答辯人如意欲反對申請,則須於申請人通知書送達他21天內,向司法常務主任提交大致上符合表格7格式的反對通知書,述明反對申請的理由及他意欲獲得聆聽,並須將該反對通知書的副本送達申請人。答辯人須在其反對通知書內,述明他所倚賴的事實的足夠詳情,使申請人能了解他所須應付的案。”

11. 按照第78條的規定,答辯人袛能在反對通知書內“述明反對申請的理由”及“述明他所倚賴的事實的足夠詳情”。故此答辯人不可在反對通知書內提出反申索的要求。假若答辯人有任何申請,他應該依規則第77條的規定而提出申請。這些規則必須嚴格遵守,因為違反規則的條文,可產生不公平的後果。即以本案為例,第一申請人並沒有針對答辯人的反申索而向法庭提交答覆書,但它在審訊時提供的証據,亦同時可以被用作針對反申索的証據,惟因本庭無權審理它的申請,故本席不能作出任何事實的裁定。假若本席有權審理答辯人反申索的申請,則本席祗有根據答辯人反申索的証據而作出事實的裁定。這會對第一申請人不公平,因為它的証據含有針對反申索申請的証據,但本席因無司法審理權而必須對該些証據不予理會。假若答辯人就反申索的要求依循規則第77條提出申請,而申請人對此申請以反對通知書答辯,則本席有司法權審理全部的証據,上述的不公平現象即可避免。答辯人以反申索的方式向法庭提出申請,並不符合規則第78條的規定,須予以剔除,因此本席撤銷答辯人反申索的申請。

司法管轄權

12. 構成$22,268.00的款額的項目,可見於日期為1993年7月21日,由第一申請人所發出的收據(証物R1)。該些項目如下:

Management Fee Deposit- Unit (Refundable)HK$8,235.00
- CP (Refundable)900.00
Management Fee Advance- Unit (19/7 - 18/8/93)2,745.00
- CP (19/7 - 18/8/93)300.00
Capital Equipment Fund- Unit (Refundable)2,745.00
- CP (Refundable)300.00
Debris Removal Charges- Unit2,745.00
- CP300.00
Public Electricity & Water Supply Meter Deposit1,448.00
Private Electricity Meter Deposit2,500.00
Private Water Meter Deposit50.00
HK$22,268.00

13. 第二項(Management Fee Advance)款額是預先繳納住宅單位及車位由1993年7月19日至8月18日的管理費。除此項款額外,其餘項目的款額都是用作按金的款項。該些款項是申請人聲稱20萬管理按金的一部份。在管理千業居之時,申請人是以信托人的身份管有這筆款項。如果這筆款項於1998年10月26日仍然存在,申請人須將它交回法團,或繼任的管理人,而不是交回予個別業主。顯而易見,申請人將不再繼續它的經理人的職務並不是將這筆款項交回個別業主的理由;大廈的管理服務仍會繼續,有所改變的祗不過是法團更換了另一位經理人而已。這些按金(除最後二項外)是與建築物公用部份有關。就法團而言,取回這筆款項是它的權利、權力,而將它轉交給法團或繼任的經理人(法團的代理)是申請人的職責。如本席有司法權審理此案,則條例第16條適用於此點,故此如有取回20萬之管理按金的訴訟,申請人須是法團,而不是本案的答辯人。

14. 最後二項款額是私人電錶及私人水錶的按金 。私人電錶及私人水錶與建築物公用部份無關,故此本席無權審理有關此二項款額的事項。

15. 根據條例第34E條的規定,附表7的條文須隱含地納入每一公契內。附表7第3段規定經理人須開立一個有利息的戶口,而只將該戶口用於建築物管理方面,而經理人須不延誤地將其就建築物的管理而收得的一切款項存入該戶口。第8段規定經理人在其委任結束日期的2個月內將在其控制下或在其保管或管有下的與建築物的控制,管理及行政事宜有關的任何帳簿、帳項紀錄、文據、文件及其他紀錄,送交管理委員會(如有的話)或接任其位的經理人。上述的管理費按金應當存於上述的戶口內,而該戶口的有關文件須在第一申請人離任後的兩個月交予法團的管理委員會或接任其位的經理人。故此,若離任的經理人違反第8段的規定,提出訴訟的必須是法團,而不是個別業主。

16. 基於上述的理由,本席撤銷反申索的申請。

17. 本席頒佈下列有關訟費的臨時命令: 與訟各方各自負責本身的訟費。如與訟任何一方不在14天內向本席提出有關此臨時訟費命令的任何申請,則此臨時命令變為永久性的命令。

 

 

周兆熊法官
土地審裁處

 

第一及第二申請人:由雷嘉寶女士代表。

答辯人:由M/S K.K. Chu & Partners律師事務所代表。

 

21845-EN-2000-03-08

BARNES & NOBLE PROPERTY MANAGEMENT LTD. AND ANOTHER v. HODSUN LTD.

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LDBM000355/1999

IN THE LANDS TRIBUNAL OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

BUILDING MANAGEMENT APPLICATION NO. LDBM 355 OF 1999

__________________________

BETWEEN
BARNES & NOBLE PROPERTY MANAGEMENT LTD.1st Applicant
BILLION TERRACE MANAGEMENT LTD.2nd Applicant
AND
HODSUN LIMITEDRespondent

__________________________

Coram:H.H. Judge Chow, Presiding Officer

Date of Decision:8 March 2000

 

_____________

DECISION

_____________

 

1. This is an application by the Respondent for the dismissal of the Notice of Application on the ground that Clause 2(c)("Clause 2(c)") of Part 3 of the Deed of Mutual Coverant ("DMC") dated 9.6.93 is void ab initio, in view of the provisions of Section 22(3), and of related sections, of the Building Management Ordinance, Cap. 344 ("BMO").

2. The approach taken by the Respondent to determine this preliminary point is inappropriate. It relies on his legal representative, Mr. Chu, to make submissions, to support its application in this summons. There are no agreed facts and no affidavit to establish the facts relied on by Mr. Chu. The proper step is to establish the material facts first.

3. The Respondent alleged that the claim by the 1st Applicant, the former building manager of Billion Terrace, was said to be for the recovery from the Respondent, one out of many owners of Billion Terrace, of a share in a deficit in the management expenses thereof. It sought to support its application, by relying on Clause 2(c), the particulars of which are as follows :-

"(c) All amounts which may be or become payable by any owner for the time being of any undivided shares in the Unit and the Building in accordance with the provisions of this Deed together with interest thereon as aforesaid and the said collection charge and all other expenses incurred in or in connection with recovering or attempting to recover the same shall be recoverable by civil action at the suit of the Manager. The claim in any such action may include a claim for the solicitor and own client costs of the Manager and the defaulting owner shall in addition to the amount claimed in such action be liable for such costs. In this such action, the Manager shall conclusively be deemed to be acting as the agent or agents for and on behalf of all the owners other than the defaulting owner and no owner under the provisions of this Deed shall raise or be entitled to raise any defence of want of authority or take objection to the right of the plaintiff to sue or to recover such amounts as may be found to be due."

4. The Respondent relies on the combined effect of sections 8(2)(a) and 22(3) of the BMO to contend that an owner is liable only to the corporation. Section 8(2)(a) provides that "the owners for the time being shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and shall be in the name of the corporation ...... be capable of suing and being sued ......". Section 22(3) of the BMO provides that "The amount payable by an owner under this section shall be a debt due from him to the corporation at the time when it is payable." Mr. Chu contended that by this sub-section the owners are made to lose their individualistic and separate identity and to hide behind a corporate front such that no owner may be sued singularly; this sub-section thus provides the backbone in laying the incidence of liability by and to whom contributions are to be made and received.

5. Clause 2(c) only refers to the power cast upon the manager, who was conclusively deemed to be acting as the agent for and on behalf of all the owners other than the defaulting owner, to recover by civil action at the suit of the manager the amounts payable by any defaulting owner. If an owner is default of payment of management fees, he is liable to be sued as a defaulting owner by the manager. He does not lose his individualistic and separate identity under section 8(2)(a) so that he cannot be sued. Section 8(2)(a) only provides that the owners from the date of issue of the certificate of registration shall be a body corporate, and in the name of the corporation it is capable of suing and being sued. It goes no further than that. If Mr. Chu's argument stands, it means that, in order to recover from a defaulting owner arrears of payment of management fees, the corporation could only sue itself; it cannot sue the defaulting owner. In that case, it can never recover the amounts in arrears. That cannot be the intention of the legislature, and that is not the effect of this sub-section. If an undivided owner is in default of paying his due share of management fees, it is his individual liability to pay the amount; it is not the liability of the corporation to pay. The corporation is entitled to recover such amount through its agent, the manager, to commence proceedings to recover the same by instituting a civil action, and the amount so recovered, shall be applied for the management purpose of the building.

6. Clause 3(a) of the DMC provides that "The Manager shall be deemed to be a trustee for and on behalf of the owners in respect of all moneys and deposits received on their behalf and unless otherwise authorized by the Owners Committee shall pay these monies ........ into a specially designated interest bearing account in respect of the Property and the Building at a Licensed Bank." The amount recovered by the Manager in a civil unit is the amount which ought to have been received by the manager on the behalf of the owners. Thus it is covered by Clauses 3(a). The Manager is only a trustee of the money so recovered at the litigation. The debt due to the owners has not been shifted to the manager as alleged by Mr. Chu.

7. Section 18(1) of the BMO sets out the duties and powers of the corporation, namely, to maintain the common parts and the property of the corporation in a state of good and servicable repair and clean condition, and to do all things reasonably necessary for the enforcement of the obligations contained in the deed of mutual covenant (if any) for the control, management and administration of the building, and section 18(2)(c) gives a discretion to the corporation to retain and remunerate a manager to carry out on its behalf any of the duties or powers of the corporation under the BMO or the deed of mutual covenant (if any). Thus, in this case, if the manager is suing on behalf of the corporation to cover the "share of deficit", (if this is in respect of management fees), it is doing an act not contrary to the provisions in sections 8 and 22(3).

8. Mr. Chu also referred to section 16 of the BMO to support his contention that the liability of an owner shall be enforceable against the corporation to the exclusion of the owner. Section 16 provides that "When the owners of a building have been incorporated under section 8, the rights, privileges and duties of the owners in relation to the common parts of the building shall be exercised and performed by, and the liabilities of the owners in relation to the common parts of a building shall, ........., be enforceable against the corporation to the exclusion of the owners ......". But here, the liabilities are the collective liabilities of the owners of the building as a whole, in relation to the common parts of the building. This section does not apply to the individual liability of an owner. Accordingly this section is of no assistance to Mr. Chu.

9. For all these reasons the Respondent's application must be dismissed.

10. I make an order nisi for costs, to be made absolute in 14 days' time, in favour of the Applicants, for the hearing of this summons, to be taxed, if not agreed.

 

 

Stephen Chow
Presiding Officer
Lands Tribunal

 

Representation:

1st Applicant : Represented by Miss Lui Ka Po Winnie.

2nd Applicant : Represented by Miss Lui Ka Po Winnie.

Respondent : Represented by M/S K.K. Chu & Partners.