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Civil Action2002

謝樹生 訴 宏基承建有限公司

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41361-CH-2004-08-23

謝樹生 訴 宏基承建有限公司

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HCA003348/2002

HCA3348/2002

香港特別行政區

高等法院原訟法庭

民事司法管轄權

案件編號2002年第3348號

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原告人TSE SHU SANG STEPHEN (謝樹生) trading as WAI KEE ENGINEERING WORKS (威記機器廠)
對
被告人WANG KEE BUILDING CONTRACTORS LIMITED
(宏基承建有限公司)

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主審法官:高等法院原訟法庭暫委法官馮驊

聆訊日期:2004年5月19至21日、24至25日及6月1日

判案書日期:2004年8月23日

______________

判 案 書

______________

1. 原告人向被告人申索兩張不兌現的期票,每張面額251,913.00 元,另工程費餘款115,622.00 元。被告人則反申索多付工程費659,716.23 元。

背景

2. 德材建築工程有限公司(“德材”)是房屋署轄下富亨邨與澤安邨的總承建商。被告人是水喉工程分判商,被告人將更換銅喉與高壓喉(Ductile Iron Pipe或DI喉)的工程分判與勤興水務工程公司(“勤興”),而勤興再將更換高壓喉的工程分判與原告人。

3. 更換銅喉和高壓喉的工程是要在每座樓宇上裝上新的喉管,然後將來水截斷,將水源接駁新喉,通水後再拆除舊喉管。

4. 2001年5月,原告人開工。2001年11月,勤興停工。2001年12月14日,原告人與被告人的代表開會,席間原告人出示一份結算表,指直至2001年11月30日為止,已完成高壓喉工程估計約值2,274,568.50 元,勤興拖欠原告人人工和物料費用1,459,568.50 元。

5. 在會議上,雙方簽署一份簡單的備忘錄,原告人同意繼續工程,由被告人直接付款。被告人同意支付勤興欠原告人的1,259,568.50 元之60% ,分三期支付。被告人將三張面額251,913.00 元的期票交予原告人 ,日期為:2002年1月某日 、2002年2月8日、2002年3月30日。第一張期票到期兌現,第二和第三張期票到期沒有向銀行呈示,至2002年5月16日一起呈示,因被告人指示銀行撤銷而不能兌現。

6. 就餘下的高壓喉工程,被告人直接分判與原告人以“代工”形式繼續。所謂代工,就是由被告人供應喉管,原告人只供應勞工,不理工程進度,以每天實際開工人數支付。2001年12月14日後,被告人分三次向原告人支付共233,920.00 元。2002年2月20日後,被告人沒有再向原告人付款。

7. 雙方對2001年12月14日的備忘錄的内容有爭議。原告人指三張期票的款項是計清勤興之前拖欠的工程費,而被告人則指那是暫定工程費,實數按房屋署收貨以後地盤量度工程為準。

8. 其後原告人曾量度安裝好的喉管呎數,但雙方對其價值有爭議。雙方對原告人是否有拆卸舊喉管和更換不合格的喉管亦有爭議。

原告人案情

9. 原告人與勤興沒有簽訂書面協議。原告人向勤興提交更換高壓喉的報價單,列明各類物料和人工的單價,得勤興同意。但開工初期,勤興無需原告人提供高壓喉,由勤興安排彬記(國際)有限公司(“彬記”)供應,原告人只是在彬記的喉管上加上縲紋及安裝。雖然勤興的東主溫木生叫原告人用彬記的喉管,但沒有指明只可以用彬記的喉管。到2001年6月至8月,彬記喉管供應短缺,溫木生叫原告人提供喉管,被告人的管工吳國平是知道的。喉管送到地盤由勤興的輝仔、或被告人的健仔、或德材的張華勝簽收,並在送貨單上蓋上德材的印章。不過,當原告人安裝了自己供應的喉管後,彬記的喉管就源源不絕的送到,只好掉在地盤沒用。

10. 直至2001年11月,原告人共收到勤興815,000.00 元及一張200,000.00 元的期票。後來溫木生收回200,000.00 元的期票,以現金50,000.00 元及一張150,000.00 元的期票交換。因溫木生拮据,原告人沒有向銀行呈示150,000.00 元的期票。

11. 因爲勤興欠原告人款項未清,因此原告人直接向德材收錢,無意中透露了地盤用了非彬記提供的喉管。

12. 2001年12月,被告人解除勤興的合約。12月13日,因為勤興拖欠工程費用,地盤的工人罷工,並強迫原告人參加。

13. 12月14日,原告人與被告人的代表吳國民、吳國平及黃文基開會。吳國民叫他繼續完成高壓喉工程,他最初不願意,並出示一份結算表,指直至2001年11月30日為止,已完成高壓喉工程估計90%,以報價單計算,約值2,274,568.50 元。勤興尚拖欠原告人人工和物料費用1,459,568.50 元。當時雙方認爲工程每天繼續進行,很難停下來量度已完成的部分,吳國平是地盤的管工,他粗略知道原告人的工程進度。因此,被告人提議將2,274,568.50 元減去勤興已付的815,000.00 元,再減去勤興給原告人的50,000.00 元及150,000.00 元的期票,尚欠1,259,568.50 元,以六折計算,分三張期票支付,每期259,913.00 元。原告人說,當時大家同意這個六折計算是是計清勤興之前拖欠的工程費,孰得孰失也沒有得再算。原告人考慮到勤興無力償還欠款,如果工程有延誤自己可能要賠償,便同意六折收數,繼續開工。至於將來,原告人則“代工”形式繼續工程。

14. 達成口頭協議後,由吳國民與黃文基口述,吳國平書寫了備忘錄,内容如下:

“5月份01年至13/12/01年所由富亨邨DI喉工程指工程費以刻準(如是)所有在地盤以房屋署收貨為準。所有完成之工程費以60%為刻數(如是)為準。(以暫定工程費$1,259,568 x 60%)為計算方法。以上工程費按地盤工程量度為準。現宏基公司支付威記$1,259,568 x 60% = 分3期期票支付威記每期期票$251,913.60。後期工程以每日人工計算,人工按代工計。”

15. 原告人說他當時沒有看清楚内容便簽名,到後來經律師解釋,才知道與口頭協議由有些不同。

16. 2001年12月14日後,原告人復工。由2001年12月17日至2002年3月4日,原告人不時向原告人發出發票,總數為349,542.00 元,主要是代工工資,但亦有少量高壓喉及配件費用。被告人分三次支付共233,920.00 元,向欠115,622.00 元。

17. 2002年2月底,所有喉管完成更換並成功通水,原告人開始拆卸舊喉管。到只剩下亨榮樓、亨翠樓、亨耀樓三座還未做,吳國民叫他不要再以代工形式拆卸,換以包工形式總數報價。原告人在至2002年3月5日發出報價單,拆卸每座喉管費用為24,000.00 元,三座共72,000.00 元。但吳國民認爲太貴,沒有同意。

18. 亦於2002年3月,黃文基叫原告人不要呈示第二和第三張期票,一方面說未從大判處收到款項,一方面叫原告人量度已完成的工程。

19. 基於通水後被告人便停止支付代工費用,尚欠115,622.00 元,而被告人對報價單又沒有回應,在沒有人指示開工下,原告人唯有在2002年3月4日停工。

20. 停工後,原告人繼續追收欠款,但被告人要他先量度工程,他純粹爲了盡快解決問題便答應了。他派妻子和管工去量度,輝仔和健仔亦陪同在場,經過數天的量度,原告人提交三十多頁的物料和人工報表,每頁由勤興的溫木生簽名確認。溫木生雖然已不是判頭,但因爲他是水務署的認可人士,他仍然替被告人擔任監督的工作。

21. 2002年3月13日,原告人計算了經量度的工程總額結算表。原告人用自己報價的人工和物料單價,乘以經溫木生確認的量度數量,得出工程總額為2,405,362.00 元。因爲其中有些物料是彬記供應的,原告人需要扣除。他用自己的物料單價,乘以彬記物料的數量,得出285,239.15 元。2002年5月10日,原告人再讓步,用彬記的較高單價,得出彬記供應物料的數額為392,571.75 元。原告人指出,量度的工程總額為2,405,362.00 元,比2001年11月30日以90%估計的2,274,568.50 元相差不遠。而減去實收的款項與未收的第二及第三張期票,以3月13日的基礎計算彬記供應的物料,折扣為600,703.00 元,而以5月10日的基礎計算折扣仍有208,131.25 元。

22. 原告人強調,他願意量度計算,並不是因爲那是備忘錄的條件,而是想息事寧人,盡快收錢。

被告人的抗辯與反申索

23. 被告人指三張期票是有有附帶條件的,就是到工程完成後,實量實度後,倘尚有欠款才需要兌現。經量度後及計算原告人應做而未做的部分項目,被告人其實多付款項659,716.23 元。因此,第二和第三張期票的代價全部失效,無須兌現。

24. 被告人又指原告人在直至2001年11月30日為止的結算表中,表示富亨邨的工程已完成90%,但其實原告人未有拆卸富亨邨八座樓的舊喉管,以及未更換未獲房屋署核准而擅自供應的80毫米高壓喉,完成率並非90%,是蓄意誤導被告人,以致發出三張期票。

25. 被告人指經過核實,澤安邨與富亨邨的工程價值應為1,886,708.00 元。被告人透過勤興支付原告人1,115,000.00 元,而直接支付458,833.00 元(包括第一張期票251,913.00 元及代工費用233,920.00 元)。原告人違反合約,未有拆卸富亨邨八座樓的舊喉管,被告人另聘承建商拆卸,作價330,000.00 元另加工程管理費用,共約474,158.92 元。又原告人違反口頭協議,未有更換擅用未經房屋署核准的80毫米高壓喉,被告人需要代做,花費177,432.96 元。原告人使用彬記提供的高壓喉,需要扣除768,158.15 元。因此,被告人多付659,716.23 元,並反申索該數。

被告人的案情

26. 被告人董事黃文基先生代表被告人作供。

27. 黃先生說這次是他第一次承辦房屋署的工程,他負責投資,由吳國平和吳國民兄弟管理。最初他沒有留意更換高壓喉的進度,由吳國平監督。到了2002年農曆年後,吳國平不再過問,他不能不親力親為。而最終吳氏兄弟不合作,不願意出庭作證。溫木生則已去世。

28. 黃先生指彬記是房屋署的核准供應商,工程必須用由彬記供應的高壓喉。他不知道原告人呈交了報價單予勤興,又其中包括供應其他牌子的高壓喉。他以爲原告人只負責安拆喉管和加工縲紋。

29. 到了2001年11月,溫木生收了被告人1,100,000.00 元後便不知所蹤。原告人要求被告人直接付款,並威脅要向房屋署揭露不合格喉管一事。他基於工程接近尾聲,很難令找人承擔工程,便與原告人口頭協議,由原告人負責更換未獲核准的80毫米高壓喉,由被告人負責物料和人工費用。黃先生指協議沒有書寫,因爲怕房屋署知道。

30. 至於2001年12月14日的會議,他當時在辦公室裏,但沒有參與,不知道雙方討論内容。他粗略看過備忘錄,但沒有簽署。他當時想,原告人稱工程完已成了90%,以六折計算是合理的。況且,他認爲發出三張期票是有附帶條件的,就是到工程完成後,實量實度後才需要兌現。其實,到現在房屋署仍未驗收量度實數。他認爲發出三張期票,只是好等原告人安心一點,繼續完成工程。但是後來原告人就餘下工程收取龐大的代工費用,是證明當時根本未曾完成90%,是原告人刻意誤導被告人。

31. 至於備忘錄中寫明餘下工程以代工計算,他當時是沒有看見的,直至原告人發出第一張代工發票才知道。他認爲這是一個極其愚蠢,對被告人極爲不利的條款,等於給了原告人空白支票,任他開數,完全沒有上限,所以他主將不承認,但被告人最終也支付了三期。他同意當新的喉管通水後,原告人已無利用價值,所以他停止支付代工費用。

32. 黃先生說其實原告人並沒有就富亨邨八座樓的任何一座拆卸舊喉管的,吳國平亦從來沒有給他看原告人以72,000.00 元拆卸三座的舊喉管的報價單。最後,他將拆卸八座樓的舊喉管的工程交了給他自己經營的永基五金工程有限公司(“永基”),作價330,000.00 元,但被告人最終亦沒有向永基付款。這部分的單據他已交了給上手律師,但律師建議無須出示。

33. 至於更換未獲核准喉管一事,黃先生同意被告人在2002年9月23日才首次書面要求原告人作出更換,而原告人已於2002年8月31日發出本案的傳訊令狀。黃先生說在2002年2月,他認爲最重要的是準時通水,通水便可收到80%的工程費,遲了每天罰款5,830.00 元,還會影響他日後參與房屋署工程的機會,所以便打算以後才換。之後他不時催促原告人更換,但是原告人諸多推搪。

34. 他最初說不清楚被告人有沒有送彬記的喉管給原告人以作更換,但後來說吳國平告訴他彬記送了很多喉管到原告人的工場加工,原告人應有足夠的物料可用。他又指地盤曾經失竊,暗示可能與原告人有關。

35. 因爲原告人沒有更換不合格喉管,被告人須另請人更換,花費177,432.96 元 。2002年3月到9月間 ,被告人自己沒有更換喉管,並非拖延,亦非存心隱瞞,因爲相對於一千多萬的合約,十七萬是個小數目。

證據評審

36. 案件的主要爭議如下:

(1) 三張期票是否有條件地發出,抑或是以六折結清2001年12月14日之前的欠數;

(2) 原告人是否有誤導被告人直至2001年12月14日的工程進度;

(3) 原告人開出的代工發票是否真有其數;

(4) 原告人爲什麽停工;

(5) 富亨邨餘下未拆卸舊喉管的座數;

(6) 原告人是否需要對使用非彬記提供的喉管負責;及

(7) 被告人是否多付工程費給原告人。

37. 代表原告人的周大律師指黃先生並無參與2001年12月14日的討論,根本沒有證據反駁原告人。當時預計2002年2月通水,如果期票是暫時性的,好等原告人安心繼續工程,則可以到時量度,無須發出第三張2002年3月30日的期票。況且,備忘錄沒有提及任何單價,即使量度好了,亦無從計算價值。

38. 就備忘錄的内容,上半部的確用了“以房屋署收貨為準”、“暫定工程費 x 60%”、“以上工程費按地盤工程量度為準”;但下半部則寫明“現宏基公司支付威記$1,259,568 x 60%”。這個“現”字有起了轉折的作用。本席認爲備忘錄本身是有含糊不清的,應考慮當時討論的一切環境來解釋,而且應該採用對作者較為嚴緊的原則來詮釋。

39. 本席認爲,原告人所稱直至2001年11月30日,工程完成90%是個合理的估計,沒有誤導成分,而且吳國平是知道工程進度的,即使不十分準確亦沒有影響。本席裁定,六折結算是一個商業決定,三張期票不是暫時性的,而是計清勤興欠原告人的工程費,以後原告人與被告人以代工形式繼續合作。即使原告人後來實際上作出量度,亦只是折衷做法,並非協議要求。被告人須繳付第二和第三張期票共503,826.00 元予原告人。

40. 被告人除了指原告人未拆除富亨邨八座樓的就喉管,沒有就原告人仍未付的代工發票的項目作出質疑。黃先生之所以不支付餘下的代工費用,是因爲他認爲代工形式是愚蠢、危險的做法,對被告人不利,但這是違反備忘錄的協議,違反合約的。

41. 就八座的就喉管,本席信納原告人的證供,他已經拆卸了五座,而且交了拆卸餘下三座的報價單。他之所以沒有完成拆卸該三座,是因爲被告人既不同意以代工形式,亦不接受報價單,令原告人無所適從,不得不停工。

42. 本席亦質疑據稱由永基拆卸的舊喉管的費用,是否有誇大之嫌。首先,被告人沒有出示任何單據;還有,原告人的報價是每座24,000.00 元,而永基則需要差不多一倍的價錢,甚不合理。

43. 本席裁定,原告人無須就據稱由永基拆卸的舊喉管的費用負責,而被告人須繳付代工費餘額115,622.00 元予原告人。

44. 就不合格喉管一事,黃先生說他懷疑原告人與溫木生串通,用原告人自己的喉管。他記得溫木生曾對他說原告人買了大批80毫米的高壓喉。他認爲如果工程都用彬記的喉管,對原告人沒有好處。這點黃先生在證人口供中沒有提及到,因爲他沒有留意,一時不醒起。黃先生在證人口供内採納了吳國平的證人口供内容。吳國平在口供内提及原告人的報價單,黃先生說他當時沒有看見報價單這點。他同意他不能排除其實是溫木生叫原告人報價,供應喉管。況且,到了2002年12月14日後,原告人的發票亦包括了供應部份高壓喉,被告人亦直接付款。

45. 本席裁定,原告人供應的喉管,是溫木生指使,吳國平亦知道的。物料送到地盤,由勤興或被告人簽收,而且有德材蓋章作實。原告人供應喉管的做法是得到被告人允許的。

46. 就原告人口頭承諾更換不合格的喉管,黃先生同意由被告人負責物料和人工。既然如此,本席看不到被告人故意推搪的理由。黃先生指原告人的工場裏有彬記的喉管可用,但他盤問時從未項原告人指出該點,亦沒有提出申索取回。

47. 黃先生同意他亦有發信要求勤興負責更換。他同意如果被告人口頭承諾更換,其實勤興是沒有責任更換的,只不過他認爲溫木生是有責任感的。

48. 至於被告人出示更換不合格喉管的單據,擡頭人是德材而非被告人,而且單據亦無表明工程項目。黃先生解釋德材是房屋署的認可承建商,所以要德材代為收款。話雖如此,若這個項目是違規的,則本席看不出向房屋署收款的道理。本席不信納黃先生關於跟換不合格喉管的證供。

49. 本席裁定,原告人不需要就更換不合格喉管負責。

50. 就彬記供應的物料,被告人聲稱其價值為768,158.15 元,但未有加以證明。基於原告人結算的工程總價包含了這些物料,原則上原告人是需要扣除的,但不是以彬記的價錢扣除,而是以原告人的單價扣除,以資抵銷。但實際上,原告人則無須扣除,因為原告人只申索兩張期票,而三張期票連同150,000.00 元的期票及已收的50,000 元實為六折收款,而無論按2002年3月13日或2002年5月10日的計算表,扣除彬記供應的物料,原告人的實收款項仍有折扣。因此,原告人無須就彬記供應的物料另作扣數。

51. 基於上述理由,被告人未能證明多付款項予原告人。

結論

52. 本席判原告人勝訴,被告人須繳付619,448.00 元予原告人。被告人的反申索被撤銷。

53. 被告人須繳付利息予原告人,由傳訊令狀日期起計,以判定利率計算。

54. 被告人須繳付訟費予原告人,以高等法院基準釐定,如未能就金額達成協議,交聆案官評定。

( 馮驊 )
高等法院原訟法庭暫委法官

原告人:由黃許律師行轉聘周偉倫大律師代表。

被告人:由公司董事黃文基先生代表。

23153-EN-2003-09-25

TSE SHU SANG STEPHEN t/a WAI KEE ENGINEERING WORKS v. WANG KEE BUILDING CONTRACTORS LTD

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HCA003348/2002

HCA3348/2002

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

ACTION NO.3348 OF 2002

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BETWEEN
TSE SHU SANG STEPHEN
trading as WAI KEE ENGINEERING WORKS
Plaintiff
AND
WANG KEE BUILDING CONTRACTORS LTDDefendant

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Coram: High Court Judge Chu in Chambers

Date of Hearing: 25 September 2003

Date of Judgment: 25 September 2003

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J U D G M E N T

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1. This is the defendant's appeal against the Master's decision made on 14 July 2003 dismissing its summons for specific discovery under Order 24, rules 3 and 7 of the Rules of the High Court.

Background

2. The plaintiff's claim in this action falls into two parts. The first is for the balance of the price of work done, being the sum of $115,622.00. The other part of the claim is for the amount of two cheques dishonoured upon presentation, being the total sum of $503,827.20.

3. The plaintiff was previously a sub-subcontractor of the defendant with regard to some re-plumbing works at Fu Hang Estate and Chak On Estate, both being the Housing Authority's estates. On 13 December 2001, the defendant terminated its subcontractor, Kun Hing Plumbing Works Company ("Kun Hing"). Thereafter the plaintiff became the defendant's direct subcontractor in respect of the remaining re-plumbing work to be done on these two estates.

4. On the pleading, the plaintiff's case is that the price of the remaining re-plumbing works, including cost and labour, came up to $349,542.00. Out of this, $233,920.00 had been paid, leaving a balance of $115,622.00. This forms the first part of the plaintiff's claim. It is also the plaintiff's pleaded case that in respect of work that he had carried out before the termination of Kun Hing, he and the defendant had agreed that the defendant would pay him 60% of the outstanding price. This was paid by way of three cheques, each of $251,913.60. One of the cheques had been paid, but the other two were dishonoured upon presentation, leaving an unpaid balance of $503,827.60. This forms the second part of the plaintiff's claim. The calculations for these sums were given in the Further and Better Particulars of the Statement of Claim provided by the plaintiff upon request.

5. The defendant's case is that there was an agreement between the plaintiff and defendant that the payment of the work in respect of the two housing estates were subject to, and had to based on, actual site measurement accepted by the Housing Authority. Acting on the assumption that the statement of account rendered by the plaintiff was correct, an interim payment on account of up to 60% of the amount stated in the plaintiff's statement of account was paid to the plaintiff. The interim payment was made by way of the three cheques, two of which were dishonoured and form the subject matter of the present action.

6. As to the remaining work that the plaintiff directly subcontracted from the defendant, the defendant's pleaded case is that the payment was to be made forthwith upon receipt of the plaintiff's invoices, but it would be subject to site measurement accepted by the Housing Authority. The defendant counterclaims for a total sum of $659,716.23, representing damages occasioned by the plaintiff's failure to carry out part of the contracted work and for defective work, as well as for overpayment.

7. In reply to the Defence and Counterclaim, the plaintiff says that the 60% payment for the work carried out before 13 December 2001 was intended and agreed to be final, and not subject to adjustment. It is pleaded that the agreement for accepting 60% was the result of a commercial decision taken by the plaintiff and also after taking into account a sum of $200,000 owed from Kun Hing. It is further pleaded that because of the defendant's non-payment, the plaintiff had vacated the site in March of 2002. Subsequently the plaintiff rendered a statement of account, which had been adjusted and amended by the defendant. Hence, what the plaintiff now claims is the outstanding balance of the adjusted amount. On that basis, a plea of estoppel is also raised.

8. By summons dated 5 June 2003, the defendant seeks specific discovery under Order 24, rules 3 and 7, for four classes of documents. The particulars of them are set out in the schedule attached to the summons, which also sets out the relevance of the documents sought. As the matter developed, some of the grounds initially put forward to demonstrate the relevance of the documents sought have slightly shifted.

Item 1 : Payment applications and certificates

9. The first item of documents sought is described as "all interim payment and final payment applications and interim payment and final payment certificates between the plaintiff and Kun Hing." According to the schedule, these documents are relevant for the purposes of proving or verifying "how much the plaintiff has received from Kun Hing to date and how much the plaintiff has to give credit when resolving the final account with the defendant and the value of works actually completed by the plaintiff, and to prove double-claim or recovery".

10. In my view, the affidavit leading the application does not set out a prima facie case for the belief that these documents exist or are in the possession, custody or power of the plaintiff. The defendant's contention is that because there appears to be a huge discrepancy between the amount the plaintiff applied for and the amount that Kun Hing had paid to the plaintiff, Kun Hing must have made some assessments of the work done by the plaintiff. The defendant therefore believes that there should be some certification work. On that basis, Mr Tsang for the defendant, submits that the payment certificates must exist.

11. The defendant's contention overlooks the fact that Kun Hing left the site before the entire projects had completed. What happened was, before it left the site, Kun Hing had made some payments to the plaintiff. The fact that it only paid a relatively small amount of the payment applied for by the plaintiff is not necessarily indicative of some assessment or certifying work being carried out by Kun Hing, still less does it show that some form of interim or final payment certificates had been issued by Kun Hing.

12. On the other hand, the defendant's own list of documents and supplemental list of documents do not disclose any payment application by Kun Hing. If one were to go along with the inference that Mr Tsang has endeavoured to ask me to make, one would have expected Kun Hing to have applied to the defendant for payment, based upon either the plaintiff's application or based upon its own assessment of the work done by the plaintiff. The absence of such documents from the defendant's discovery tends to defeat the defendant's argument that an inference can be drawn from the discrepancy between the amount applied for by the plaintiff and the amount paid by Kun Hing, that Kun Hing must have done some assessment and issued some interim payment or final payment certificates. There is no prima facie case for the belief that the first item of documents sought do exist and are within the plaintiff's possession custody or power.

Items 2 and 3 : Documents relating to a dishonoured cheque

13. Items 2 and 3 can be taken together. They primarily concern a so-called dishonoured cheque in the amount of either $200,000.00 or $300,000.00. The cheque was issued by Kun Hing to the plaintiff. In the schedule to the summons, the relevance of these was said to prove or verify the amount that the plaintiff has agreed to give credit as moneys received or deemed to have been received from Kun Hing when the final account was to be resolved with the defendant. At the hearing, the relevance is put in a slightly different way. It is now said that the documents are relevant to the issue of what is the exact amount of this dishonoured cheque.

14. In my view, whether on the basis of the former ground or the revised ground, the defendant has failed to make out a case of relevance. The amount of the cheque is not a live issue between the parties. There is also no issue as to whether this cheque has to be taken into account when it comes to doing a final calculation of the amount due from the defendant to the plaintiff.

15. Firstly, it is not the defendant's pleaded case that the plaintiff and the defendant had agreed to take into account this dishonoured cheque, be it $200,000.00 or $300,000.00, when the final calculations or adjustments came to be done between the plaintiff and the defendant. In fact, the dispute between the parties boils down to this. For the plaintiff, it is said that there was an agreement to pay 60% of the work done before 13 December 2001 and when agreeing to accept the 60% payment, the plaintiff had taken into account a sum of $200,000.00 owed by Kun Hing to it. For the defendant, it is said that this 60% payment was not a final payment, but was meant to be provisional only and subject to final revisions. The issue for determination is therefore whether the plaintiff's version is to be accepted or whether it is the defendant's version that is to be accepted. If the court finds in favour of the plaintiff, then the court will award the unpaid balance of the 60% payment. If the court accepts the defendant's version, then the court will simply look at what is the amount of work actually carried out by the plaintiff. The amount of the cheque given by Kun Hing or whether any credit is to be given for it does not fall to be determined by the court. The defendant having failed to make out a prima facie case of relevance, there is no basis for discovery of items 2 and 3.

Item 4 : Documents on purchase of DI pipes

16. Item 4 is for documents evidencing :

(i)the plaintiff's purchase of 80mm DI pipes from Bun Kee (International) Limited ("Bun Kee") and/or any other suppliers; and
(ii)the delivery and installation of the same at Fu Hang Estate and Chak On Estate respectively.

The first objection that was taken is that this is not a proper class of document. Reliance is placed on a passage in Hong Kong Civil Procedure 2002, para.24/7/1 at p.419, where it is pointed out that the description of the document sought to be discovered has to be clearly and specifically described for fear that it will put the responding party at risk of swearing a false affidavit, even though he is already doing his best to give an honest disclosure.

17. There can be no doubt that the present formulation of item 4 is far too wide and even if the court were to make an order, the court must necessarily trim it down. Perhaps in recognition of that, Mr Tsang, in his reply submission, invites the court to make it more specific and narrow in scope. But apart from the objection as to the wordings and description, there is a more fundamental objection to item 4, namely, whether a case of relevance has been made out for ordering specific discovery.

18. Looking at the pleadings, effectively the plaintiff's case is that it did not procure the supply of the pipes itself. It had no idea that there was a requirement that the pipes had to come from only Bun Kee, and that it was not aware of the source of the supply of the pipes that were installed at the two housing estates. As Mr Chow rightly points out, the plaintiff is putting up a case of non-admission and is putting the defendant to strict proof in this regard. There is no positive case asserted, so if it can be proved that the pipes installed were not supplied by Bun Kee, then the defendant would succeed and the plaintiff would have nothing to put up by way of joinder.

19. Bearing this in mind, when the plaintiff dealt with this request for discovery in the solicitor's correspondence by saying that it has nothing more than what had been disclosed, the matter should have stopped there. There is firstly no basis for the defendant to believe that there were more documents in existence. Secondly, the defendant cannot say that documents from other suppliers or evidencing the delivery and installation of the DI pipes are relevant to or necessary for the determination of the issues between the parties.

20. Additionally, under Order 24, rule 8 of the Rules of the High Court, specific discovery would only be ordered if it is necessary for the fair disposal of disputes between the parties. That is an important qualification to the rights to specific discovery under Order 24, and is a recognition of the potential danger of a wide and uncontrolled discovery exercise to litigants. In the present case, there had been several rounds of correspondence between the legal advisers on the documents that form the subject matter of the defendant's summons. Repeatedly, the plaintiff's solicitors pointed out that the plaintiff had no further documents to disclose, and the plaintiff's solicitors had gone on oath to verify that assertion. It is of course correct to say that it would have been better had the affidavit be made by the plaintiff himself, but the question that one must ask is, is it necessary for the purpose of properly and fairly resolving the issues between the parties to order the plaintiff to make an affidavit when the solicitors had already done so. Clearly the answer must be "no".

21. For the reasons that I have indicated, I consider that the Master was correct to have refused the application. The appeal should therefore be dismissed.

Costs

22. Costs should follow event and the plaintiff should be given the costs of the appeal. There is also no reason why on an appeal the costs should be made in any event as opposed to being dealt with immediately. I therefore consider that it is appropriate to conduct a gross sum costs assessment under Order 62, rule 9(4)(b), which would have the effect of making the costs of the appeal payable forthwith.

23. On the question of quantum, the amount asked for on behalf of the plaintiff is $36,000.00. This comprises $18,000.00 of counsel fee, which I consider to be a reasonable sum, and indeed there is no objection to it. As to the solicitors' profits costs of $18,000.00, the handling solicitors being admitted in 1994, is entitled to have her costs calculated at $4,000.00 per hour. She is claiming four and a half hours of work. The time spent in court today is two hours, so she is claiming an additional two and a half hours for the preparations of the appeal. This is a small appeal. No additional paper has been generated since the hearing before the Master. That being the case, I accept that two and a half hours for a senior solicitor is on the high side. I consider that one and a half hours would be the appropriate time, giving a total sum of $14,000.00. That coupled with the counsel's fee would produce a sum of $32,000.00.

Conclusion

In short, the orders I make are as follows :

(1)The appeal is dismissed.
(2)The costs of this appeal be to the plaintiff against the defendant, assessed at $32,000.00 under Order 62, rule 9(4)(b) of the Rules of the High Court.

(C. Chu)
Judge of the Court of First Instance
High Court

Representation:

Mr Anthony Chow, instructed by Messrs Wong, Hui & Co.,for the Plaintiff

Mr David Tsang, instructed by Messrs Siao, Wen & Leung,for the Defendant.