HK CourtDB
HomeDirectoryMCP
Hong Kong CourtDB
Back to directory
Matrimonial Causes2019

WWGW v. CSKL AND ANOTHER

Related cases with same parties

  • CACV254/2013黃 對 葉
  • CACV26/2014盧 對 黃
  • CACV971/2025黃 對 林
  • CAMP106/2020黃 對 林
  • CAMP14/2024黃 對 吳前稱吳
  • CAMP15/2024吳前稱吳 對 黃
  • CAMP162/2018黃 對 鄭
  • CAMP2/2023黃 對 林
  • CAMP308/2022WWGW v. CSKL AND ANOTHER
  • CAMP31/2017黃 對 勞
  • CAMP510/2022張 對 黃
  • CAMP80/2019譚 對 黃
  • FCJA1178/2022黃 對 張
  • FCJA3366/2011黃 對 梁
  • FCJA380/2002黃 對 譚
  • FCMC10256/2007黃 訴 向
  • FCMC10697/2018黃 對 陳
  • FCMC10710/2006黃 訴 劉
  • FCMC11270/2021黃 對 賴
  • FCMC11344/2010黃 對 李

Files (2)

[2022] HKFC 157-CH-2022-08-09

黃 對 莊及另一人

HTML content

FCMC 10898/2019

[2022] HKFC 157

香 港 特 別 行 政 區

區 域 法 院

婚姻訴訟案件編號2019年第10898宗

——————————

 黃呈請人
 及 
 莊第一答辯人(申請人)
 及 
 李第五答辯人

——————————

主審法官︰區域法院法官彭家光內庭聆訊(書面處理)
第一答辯人(申請人)陳詞︰2022年6月6日
呈請人陳詞︰2022年6月9日
判決日期︰2022年8月9日

-------------------------

判 案 書

(上訴許可申請)

-------------------------

1.  在下文本席稱呈請人為‘男方’,第一答辯人為‘女方’,第五答辯人為‘介入人’。這是一宗女方的上訴許可申請。

2.  在2022年4月12日,本席頒下判決書(‘判決書’),頒令撤銷女方在2020年10月27日存檔之傳票申請及女方須付男方及介入人就該申請之訟費。在該申請,女方要求法庭頒令介入人是以受託人身份替女方持有位於香港的一個物業(下稱‘寶石大廈’。)按在2019年6月25日的破產令(HCB 2019/2019),女方在寶石大廈的權益(如有的話)已歸屬女方破產受託人。女方是得到其破產受託人之同意而作出該申請。

3.  在2022年6月6日,女方以傳票申請上訴許可對判決提出上訴。男方反對本申請,也將反對陳詞提交法庭。介入人則對本申請採取中立之立場。

4.  在2022年7月7日,女方破產受託人來信,說他們同意女方作出本上訴許可申請。

5.  在考慮女方的上訴許可申請時,本席須考慮香港法例第336章《區域法院條例》第63A條的條文。本席將有關法例的條例節錄如下︰-

「(1) 根據第63條批予的上訴許可,可─

(a) 就在有關的判決、命令或決定中出現的某個爭論點而批予;及

(b) 在聆訊該許可申請的法官、聆案官或上訴法庭認為為使有關上訴得到公正、迅速及合乎經濟原則的處置而需要的條件的規限下批予。

(2) 聆訊有關上訴許可申請的法官、聆案官或上訴法庭除非信納─

(a) 有關上訴有合理機會得直;或

(b) 有其他有利於秉行公正的理由,因而該上訴應進行聆訊,

否則不得批予上訴許可。」

6.  根據《區域法院規則》第336H章第58(2)號命令︰

「(4) 上訴許可的申請必須在下述限期屆滿前,向法官或(如屬根據第(2)款提出的上訴)向聆案官提出 ——

(a) ……;

(b) (如屬針對非正審判決、命令或決定以外的判決、命令或決定的上訴)由有關判決、命令或決定的日期起計28天;」

7.  女方逾期上訴。法庭在決定是否批予逾期上訴許可時,會考慮︰(1)延誤的時期;(2)延誤的原因;(3)擬提的上訴是否有合理得直的機會;及(4)倘若批予逾期上訴許可,對訴訟其他各方的利益的損害。就以上(1)及(2)點,女方提出的上訴許可申請嚴重超過法例規定的時限,對於未能在限期前提交上訴許可申請,女方更並沒有提供任何解釋。

8.  就女方擬進行之上訴申請之得直機會來說,女方在其擬上訴理由說︰

(a)  如法官就女方之案情有提問,為何不在第一次審訊前預審提出?

(b)  如法官就女方的財產歸屬破產受託人的評論是正確,那是否所有破產人士,都不應在婚姻訴訟中提出附屬濟助申請?再者,破產令的後果是女方的財產將歸屬破產受託人,這並不代表女方沒有可能從家庭資產中分到任何份額,因為這要視乎女方欠債的款額和女方從家庭資產中可獲得的金額而定。女方提出破產呈請時,所申報的欠債共約港幣$4,700,000。

(c)  女方獲破產受託人確認,女方從婚姻訴訟附屬濟助後所獲得的家庭資產款額才將歸屬破產受託人,所以並不是法官所指,一旦有破產令,女方的資產便歸屬於破產受託人的,法官的理解及評論是不正確的。

(d)  除了寶石大廈外,男方在三藩市擁有一間價值港幣數佰萬的物業及銀行戶口結餘,而該物業是雙方在美國的婚姻居所。另外,女方就West Gold Investment Limited ("該公司") 的股份轉讓有爭議,而該公司持有一個位於新蒲崗的工廠大廈單位,現時市值約是港幣$32,000,000,男方與女方各持有該公司10%股份,所以男方與女方在家庭資產上將會多有約港幣$6,400,000 (如法庭最後確認女方申請作廢該公司股權轉移成立的話)。寶石大廈現時市值約港幣$7,000,000。

(e)  如果只因為寶石大廈不是以男方或女方的名義為登記業主,法官便認為這不屬於家庭資產,是否妄下判斷呢?事實上在很多情況下,登記業主與實權擁有者是不同人士的。

(f)  女方認為法官在裁決的第13段是錯誤的,法官沒有清楚指出為何女方在寶石大廈的權益不能在本離婚訴訟的附屬濟助申請中作出分配。首先,女方在寶石大廈的權益是否可在附屬濟助申請中分配,取決於寶石大廈的價值和女方的欠債數額。惟法官從沒有提問寶石大廈的價值(縱然女方的經濟狀況陳述書述載有有關資料,但已是2019年11月之情況)及女方的欠債數額。

(g)  法官在裁決第13段中又認為女方的申索是“為了破產受託人的利益”,女方並不同意並認為法官是錯誤的。由於女方的破產令,女方的權益歸屬於破產管理署署長,但此申請仍是為了女方的利益,而非為了破產受託人。破產受託人的角色只是管理女方的資產,以便償還債權人,女方認為法官是錯誤地認為女方的申請與婚姻訴訟無關。

(h)  女方認為法官在裁決第14段中不認同破產受託人的兩封同意信已包括有關第三者權益申請是錯誤的。因為破產受託人於2022年4月11日的信中,確認已同意女方進行本婚姻訴訟案件,包括其中所有必要的申請。女方認為𨤸定女方在寶石大廈的權益是本離婚訴訟必要的申請,以讓法官決定家庭資產的總值來處理雙方附屬濟助的申索。

(i)  如上段所述,破產受託人已同意女方可繼續進行本婚姻訴訟案件及所有必要的申請,而此申請就是申索女方於寶石大廈的實益權益。因此,女方並不認同法官在裁決第15段中的看法,即女方沒有起訴的能力和身份。

(j)  就裁決第16段,女方認為實務指示27第4段的指引並不適用於女方的申請。

9.  針對女方之擬上訴理由,本席有以下的看法︰-

(1)  就擬上訴理由(a):法庭作出提問,目的不外為希望可以澄清當事人之案情,不應會造成女方所說之浪費公帑的情況。

(2)  就擬上訴理由(b)、(d)、(f)各點︰-

(i)  所謂所有破產人士都不應在婚姻訴訟中提出附屬濟助申請並非判決之一部份;

(ii)  女方現時提及她提出破產呈請時所申報的欠債金額,男方在三藩市擁有之物業價值及銀行結餘,訴訟雙方就新蒲崗工廠大廈單位相關之爭拗,甚至寶石大廈之價值,都並非原來女方之申請之案情之一部份。女方打算引入在原沒有提出的新證據,但明顯地這些新證據都並非女方所不能在原審時提交者,所以女方並不符合根據Ladd v Marshall [1954] 1 WLR 1489 案所定下的原則要法庭接納新證據。

(3)  就擬上訴理由(e):在判決書中,法庭並沒有就寶石大廈之實益權益作出判決。

(4)  就擬上訴理由(c),(g),(h),(i)各點:在星展銀行(香港)有限公司及CHENG MEI LING 與其他被告人案[2018] HKCA 33,上訴法庭說︰

根據《破產條例》第58 (1)條,在破產後鄭敦含先生的財產包括他在訴訟敗訴後上訴的權利歸破產信託人所有: Chung Kau v Hong Kong Housing Authority [2004] 2 HKLRD 650、張榮焜 對 香港出口信用保險局 [2012] 2 HKLRD 1249。在張榮焜一案,上訴庭在判詞第21段說︰

「21. 上述的案例和有關的法例條文,確立的法律原則,就是破產命令一旦作出,破產人的財產即歸屬破產管理署署長,署長其後先以暫行受託人,再以受託人的身份,持有歸屬的財產。如果不是署長出任為暫行受託人或受託人,有關的財產即轉移並歸屬獲委任該等職位的人(第58條)。歸屬署長的破產人財產,是包括在破產開始時,亦即是作出破產令之日,破產人就某些訴因提起訴訟的權利(第2、43(1)和30條),涉及個人的人身傷害和聲譽受損的訴訟權除外(Chung Kau v. Hong Kong Housing Authority & Ors. [2004] 2 HKLRD 650第6至8段)。

本案的訴因,在破產命令作出時已存在,該訴因純粹是和財務的糾紛有關,不涉及人身傷害或誹謗故此本案的訴訟權歸屬署長。」

就本案來說,本席察覺不到女方有任何不受《破產條例》第58(1)條約束的理由。事實上女方接受,若女方在寶石大廈有任何權益,此等權益已歸屬女方破產受託人。在這樣的情況下,如判決書所指就現有之附屬濟助法律程序而言,家事法庭無權就女方在寶石大廈之權益(如有的話)作出任何按《婚姻法律程序與財產條例》(第192章)可作出之處置命令。由此可見,就女方針對其所說在寶石大廈之權益之申索,也並非其婚姻訴訟之一部份。

(5)  就擬上訴理由(j):如法庭2022年4月8日之提問中說,法庭的看法是如果女方之原申請不屬於婚姻訴訟,女方須依照實務指引27第4段的指示。

10.  基於上述理由,特別是根據《破產條例》第58(1)條之考慮,本席認為女方擬提的上訴沒有任何得直的機會。在此情況下,即使延展提出上訴許可申請的時限亦是徒然,也不符合公義的原則。本席撤銷女方2022年6月6日的傳票申請。

.

11.  女方上訴許可申請失敗,須付男方的訟費。若訴訟雙方未能夠同意訟費金額,則由法庭評定,就女方與介入人之間,本席作無訟費命令。以上的訟費命令是一個暫准命令,如雙方在本命令頒布後14天內沒有任何申請,有關的暫准命令將轉為絕對命令。女方自身的訟費按《法律援助規例》評定。

  ( 彭家光 )
區域法院法官

呈請人:親自行事

第一答請人(申請人):親自行事

第五答辯人︰由譚德興、程國豪、劉麗卿律師行代表

[2022] HKFC 86-EN-2022-04-12

WWGW v. CSKL AND ANOTHER

HTML content

FCMC 10898/2019

[2022] HKFC 86

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

MATRIMONIAL CAUSES

NUMBER 10898 OF 2019

----------------------------

BETWEEN  
 WWGWPetitioner
 and 
 CSKL1st Respondent
 and 
 LCF5th Respondent

----------------------------

Coram:  District Judge K K PANG in Chambers (Not Open to Public)

Date of Hearing :  12 April 2022

Date of Handing Down of Judgment :  12 April 2022

---------------------------------

DETERMINATION

(Preliminary Issues)

---------------------------------

1.  The parties were married in 1989. There is one child of the family now living, a son, he is over 18 years old and self-supporting.

2.  On 11 September 2019, the petitioner husband (‘H’) filed the present divorce proceedings based on 2-year separation.

3.  H does not make any claim for ancillary relief. By a Form A filed on 27 November 2019, the respondent wife (‘W’) gives notice that she intends to proceed with the application for ancillary reliefs, including an order for periodical payments, a lump sum order and property transfer order.

4.  By a summons filed on 27 October 2020, W applies for an order that: -

(1)  H’s mother (‘Madam Lee’) be joined in these proceedings;

(2)  A declaration that W is the sole beneficial owner of a landed property in Hong Kong (‘the subject property’) and Madam Lee is holding the subject property on trust for W, subject to W’s interest therein being vested in Official Receiver pursuant to the Bankruptcy Order made on 25 June 2019 under HCB 2919/2019;

(3)  Further directions; and

(4)  Costs.

5.  By the order dated 29 December 2020, Madam Lee was joined as the 5th respondent.

6.  By the 1st and 2nd letters both dated 8 April 2022, the court raised the following queries/questions for W’s comments: -

(1)  W do show with supporting document that the Official Receiver has consented to the proceedings under the above summons filed on 27 October 2020;

(2)  Is W’s claim matrimonial proceedings?

(3)  Is the trustee-in-bankruptcy a necessary party?

(4)  Does the Family Court have jurisdiction in W’s above claim?

7.  By the 1st letter dated 8 April 2022, W through solicitors produced a letter of the Trustee-in-bankruptcy dated 24 October 2019, purportedly granting consent to W to proceed with the present divorce proceedings.

8.  By the 2nd letter dated 8 April 2022, W through solicitors averred that they took the view that the Family Court does have jurisdiction in W’s above claim since the application is no difference from other similar applications in matrimonial proceedings and the fact that W is a bankrupt does not change the nature of the application.

9.  By the court’s direction dated 12 April 2022, there be a trial of the above queries/ questions as set out in the court’s 1st and 2nd letters dated 8 April 2022 as preliminary issues.

10.  Mr Wong W’s counsel maintained the views as set out in the above solicitors’ letters dated 8 April 2022. Mr Wong also produced a letter of the Trustee-in-bankruptcy dated 11 April 2022, by which the Trust-in-bankruptcy confirmed that consent has been given to W to proceed the divorce proceedings including all necessary applications.

11.  Unsurprisingly, both H and the 5th respondent wish the court to proceed with the trial of W’s above summons filed on 27 October 2020 so as to make a fact finding on the beneficial ownership of the subject property, so much so that all parties involved will have a resolution to their disputes, albeit none of them are able to show to the court how such fact finding is relevant to the ancillary relief proceedings in the present divorce suit.

12.  After having the opportunity of hearing counsel for W and the 5th respondent and H appearing in person, I take the following views.

13.  It is the practice of the Family Court to deal with third party interests as a preliminary issue as part of the exercise to determine what is available for distribution in ancillary relief application, following the English case of TL V ML (Ancillary Relief: Claim Against Assets of Extended Family) [2006] 1 FLR 1236. By the summons filed on 27 October 2020, however, in essence W’s claim is for a declaration that Madam Lee, the registered owner, holds the subject property on trust for the benefit of the Trustee-in-bankruptcy. It is indisputable that, if any, W’s interest in the subject property vested in the Trustee-in-bankruptcy is unavailable for distribution in the ancillary relief application in the present divorce suit. Accordingly, W’s claim is irrelevant to the parties’ matrimonial proceedings. As a corollary, W’s pursuit of her claim for a declaration of trust in respect of a non-matrimonial property for the benefit of the Trustee-in-bankruptcy as part of the matrimonial proceedings under the present divorce suit is totally misconceived.

14.  Upon reading the letters of the Trustee-in-bankruptcy dated 24 October 2019 and 11 April 2022 respectively, I further take notice that the Trustee-in-bankruptcy’s consent is restricted to W’s engagement in the divorce suit between the parties. Apparently, it does not cover W’s third party claim against the 5th respondent for non-matrimonial property.

15.  If any, W’s interest in the subject property having been vested in the trustee-in-bankruptcy, I further take the view that W does not have the capacity to sue as she does under the summons filed on 27 October 2020.

16.  Worse still, it is unclear if W’s claim is within the District Court’s jurisdiction. It is particularly noted that the paragraph 4 of Practice Direction 27 is not complied with.

17.  By reason of matters aforesaid, it is ordered that: - (1) W’s above summons filed on 27 October 2020 be dismissed and (2) Hearing dated 13 & 14 April 2022 be vacated.

18.  The dismissal of W’s claim in the above of course does not bar the Trustee-in-bankruptcy from making a claim for W’s alleged interest in the subject property, if any.

19.  I now see no reason why costs should not follow the event. As such, it is ordered nisi that W do pay H and the 5th respondent’s costs of the above summons filed on 27 October 2020, including reserved costs, to be taxed if not agreed, and W’s own costs be taxed in accordance with Legal Aid Regulations. The costs order nisi becomes absolute 14 days after the order is made unless a party has applied to the court for varying the same.

  ( K K PANG )
District Judge

The Petitioner appearing in person via the court’s VCF

Mr Damian Wong, instructed by Chan, Lau & Wai, solicitors for the 1st Respondent

Ms Lily Yu, instructed by King & Co, solicitors for the 5th respondent