HK CourtDB
HomeDirectoryMCP
Hong Kong CourtDB
Back to directory
Miscellaneous Proceedings2015

CHU TIK KWONG 對 CHOW CHUNG HEI及另二人

Related cases with same parties

  • CACV210/2011CHAN CHI LOI 對 CHENG FOR 及另二人
  • CACV420/2018徐小芳 對 MEBABOX DEVELOPMENT CO LTD 及另二人
  • CACV428/2002林榮江 訴 JOINTYAN LTD及另二人
  • CACV490/2020PHAM THI VAN ANH 及另二人 對 入境事務處處長及另一人
  • CACV51/2010N 訴 Y及另二人
  • CACV564/2021BUI THI NHI 及另二人 對 酷刑聲請上訴委員會∕免遣返聲請呈請辦事處
  • CAMP116/2019TSOI LAU FU 及另一人 對 PANG WAN FONG 及另二人
  • CAMP205/2022CHAN SAI CHIU 對 LAI CHI KIT 及另二人
  • CAMP29/2017YIP MEI NA 對 CHOW LAP KWOK PATRICK 及另二人
  • CAMP45/2023NGUYEN BUI SON 及另二人 對 酷刑聲請上訴委員會及另一人
  • DCCJ1239/2020HK DONGXIANG INTERNATIONAL TRADE LTD 對 TAI KAM FAT 及另二人
  • DCCJ2063/2003CHOW CHUNG HEI AND OTHERS v. CHU TIK KWONG
  • DCEC1992/2014LAW CHI HO 對 HOME MOVING LTD 及另二人
  • DCEC30/2023KONG WAI LUN 對 CHEN XIONGJIANG及另二人
  • DCMP1143/2016KONEW CAPITAL INTERNATIONAL LTD 對 LAI SIU FUN 及另二人
  • DCMP1581/2016WONG HEI LAM 及另一人 對 TONG LAI WAH 及另二人
  • DCMP3032/2014LAW SHU KEUNG STEPHEN t/a EXCEL FINANCE COMPANY v. NG MING AND OTHERS
  • DCMP3490/2019SUCCESS FORTUNE FINANCIAL PLANNING LTD v. NG HUNG MING AND OTHERS
  • DCMP467/2013U PO CHU (otherwise known as YU MAN KI or YU MAN KIT) v. TSANG PUI LING AND OTHERS
  • DCMP955/2023MAXCOLM FINANCE LTD 對 TONG LO MING及另二人

Files (2)

[2019] HKCFI 499-CH-2019-02-21

CHU TIK KWONG 對 CHOW CHUNG HEI及另二人

HTML content

HCMP 1736/2015

[2019] HKCFI 499

香港特別行政區

高等法院原訟法庭

雜項案件編號2015年第1736號

____________________

  IN THE MATTER OF All Those 55 equal undivided 279,034th parts or shares of and in ALL THAT piece or parcel of ground registered in the Land Registry as THE REMAINING PORTION OF SHA TIN TOWN LOT NO. 365 (Flat 11 on 36/F of Block E, Kam Fung Court, No. 638 Sai Sha Road, Shatin, New Territories)
  and
  IN THE MATTER OF a deed of assignment dated 15th May 2012 and registered in the Land Registry by Memorial No. 12061401040364 (“the Deed of Assignment”)
  and
  IN THE MATTER OF Section 60 of the Conveyancing and Property Ordinance, Cap 219

____________________

BETWEEN
 CHU TIK KWONGPlaintiff
and
 CHOW CHUNG HEI1st Defendant
 NGAI PO YING2nd Defendant
 CHOW CHEUNG CHAU KEVIN3rd Defendant

____________________

主審法官:高等法院原訟法庭法官林雲浩席前聆訊
聆訊日期:2018年8月28日
補充陳詞:2018年12月11日及2019年1月28日
判決書日期:2019年2月21日

判決書


背景

1.  原告人、第一被告及其他二人為中建機械工程有限公司(下稱「中建機械」)的股東。於2004年5月,原告人提出呈請(高等法院公司清盤案件2004年第557號),將中建機械清盤或尋求其他濟助。於2009年12月,原告人及其他股東就該呈請達成和解協議。於該月2日,高等法院就該和解協議作出同意命令:中建機械的其他股東(包括第一被告)須向原告人購買他在該公司所持有的206,250股的股份。

2.  經過一連串就原告人的股份價值評估之爭議後,原告人於2011年11月4日以傳票申請執行購買令。其後,於2013年2月20日,高等法院原訟法庭經聆聽該案各方(包括本案第一被告)的陳詞後,命令第一被告須於7天內向原告人支付HK$617,621.20以作購買股票的價錢。第一被告一直並未履行該命令。

3.  第一被告及其妻子(即第二被告)原共同持有一物業,地址為香港新界馬鞍山西沙路638號錦豐苑一單位。原告人發現,於2012年5月15日,第一及第二被告以饋贈方式把此物業轉讓到第二被告及他們的兒子(即第三被告)的名下,共同持有。因此,原告人提出本訴訟,根據《物業轉移及財產條例》(香港法例第219章)第60條,向法庭申令撤銷該轉讓。

4.  本訴訟由原告人於2015年7月17日以原訴傳票提出,其後根據高等法院原訟法庭暫委法官郭慶偉於2016年8月1日所作的命令,本訴訟猶如是藉傳訊令狀開展一樣地繼續進行。此後,訴訟程序如常進行,惟第一被告一直沒有參予。

5.  在本案排期審訊後,於2018年3月,第三被告以支票向原告人支付了HK$617,621.20,即在清盤案中第一被告根據原訟法庭於2013年2月20日所作的命令須付給原告人的款項。

6.  原告人收納了款項,並於2018年8月9日,以傳票申請許可中止本訴訟,及向第一至第三被告索取於2016年8月1日後的訟費。

7.  於2018年8月28日的審訊中,在第一被告缺席的情況下,第二及第三被告同意中止訴訟,但他們認為法庭不應命他們支付原告人的訟費。

討論

8.  雖然是原告人一方申請中止訴訟,但法庭在判決訟費責任時,需寬泛地考慮其背景及原因。假使原告人有很大機會勝訴,但純粹因為已經大致達到他的目的而中止或撤回申索,則原告人可被視為實際上的勝方;見Re Chinese United Establishment Ltd (CACV 214/1995; 24‑4‑1996); Perrine Chamonix Ltd v Star League Ltd (HCA 1139/2017, 13‑9‑2017) 第23至28段。

居屋的擁有權及業權轉讓

9.  《物業轉移及財產條例》第60條規定如下:

「 (1) 除第(2)及(3)款另有規定外,每宗因意圖詐騙債權人而作出的財產產權處置,不論是在本條生效日期前或之後作出者,在因此而受損害的人提出時,即可使無效。

(2) 本條並不影響當其時有效的破產法律。

(3) 如任何人真誠地以有值代價或真誠地以良好代價於一項產權處置中獲得任何財產的產業權或權益,而在該項產權處置作出時,該人對詐騙債權人的意圖並不知悉,則本條並不適用於該產業權或權益。」

10.  第一被告本與第二被告共同持有該物業。而第一被告所持有的一半業權,本可被原告人要求用作償還第一被告在清盤案中所欠的判決債項。然而,於2012年5月15日,第一被告卻將其業權轉讓予其第三被告。

11.  第三被告在未有支付一分一毫下,受惠於轉讓所得的業權。這業權轉讓並非買賣或交易,而是單純的饋贈。因此,他並非付出有值代價的買家,亦不是此利益的原來擁有人。

12.  再者,原告人代表律師向第一被告當時的代表律師發信要求履行購買令的日子(即2011年10月),與第一及第二被告向房屋委員會申請轉讓物業業權的日子(即2011年12月),只相差短短兩個月。本席有理由相信,這並非只是時間上的巧合,因為轉讓業權的手續並非十分複雜。如按第一及第二被告所言,他們早於2008年已有轉讓業權的意願,他們應當可早已辦妥手續。

13.  在物業轉讓時,第一被告沒有資產或財力滿足法庭已頒布的購買令: 見第二及第三被告的抗辯書第19(7)段。

14.  正如終審法院常任法官李義在Tradepower (Holdings) Ltd v Tradepower (Hong Kong) Ltd (2009) 12 HKCFAR 417的第88段指出:

“ Where it is objectively shown that a disposition of property unsupported by consideration is made by a disponor when insolvent (or who thereby renders himself insolvent) with the result that his creditors (including his future creditors) are clearly subjected at least to a significant risk of being unable to recover their debts in full, such facts ought in virtually every case to be sufficient to justify the inference of an intent to defraud creditors on the disponor’s part.”

15.  由於該轉讓是第一被告在無力償債時作出沒有代價支持的財產產權處置(或因這行為以致無力償債),而結果令原告人(作為其債權人或將來的債權人)承受無法討回購買令下的債項的重大風險,這足以支持法庭推論第一被告有意圖詐騙債權人,並引用《物業轉易及財產條例》第60條判定該轉讓無效。

16.  此外,原告人中止本訴訟,純粹是因為在審訊前被告人向原告人支付了HK$617,621.20,致使原告人不必繼續本訴訟,而本訴訟的爭議亦已變得無關重要。

17.  在這情況下,原告不應因採取中止本訴訟、只要求法庭作訟費裁決的合理舉動,而不能向被告追討訟費。

第二及第三被告的立場

18.  第二及第三被告強調他們不解為何會成為本案的被告人,而且在原告人提出的每一個程序中均處於被動狀態(見被告人的書面陳詞第15段)。

19.  有關這一點,本席同意黃大律師提出的論證。當第二及第三被告得知自己被列為本案的被告人時,他們有權選擇不抗辯並採取中立的態度。然而,在其後的審訊中,他們卻選擇抗辯,並反對撤銷物業的轉讓。由此可見,第二及第三被告的立場及取態,是原告人需繼續訴訟的其一關鍵原因。故此,第二及第三被告仍須為本案的訟費負上責任。

結論

20.  因以上原因,本席裁定第一至第三被告須向原告人支付本案自2016年8月1日後的訟費,包括原告人2018年8月9日的傳票的訟費。至於訟費數額,如無協議,交由訟費評定官評定。

訟費評定標準

21.  根據第二及第三被告提交的由差餉物業估價署發出的信件,該物業於2015年7月間的應繳差餉金額每季為HK$1,389。這表示該物業的應課差餉租值為HK$111,120(即HK$1,389 x 4 ÷ 5%),亦即該物業屬區域法院管轄權內:見《區域法院條例》(香港法例第336章)第36條;Lau Hak Shing v Chan Kwok Hung [2018] 5 HKLRD 783,第11‑17段。因此,本席認為本訴訟實可在區域法院展開,原告人的訟費應根據區域法院訟費表評定。

22.  原告人指出Erwiana Sulistyaningsih v Tsui Yun Bun Barry & Law Wan Tung (HCA 2256/2015; 28‑12‑2017) 一案也是在高等法院就《物業轉移及財產條例》第60條的訴訟,相關物業也是一居屋單位,而經審訊後法庭判定原告人應得的訟費以高等法院訟費表為標準。可是,從判決書可見該案雙方並沒有討論以何標準評定訟費,亦沒有提及採用區域法院訟費表。因此,本席認為該案的訟費判決對訟費表的問題並沒有參考價值。

23.  本席裁定原告人的訟費應根據區域法院訟費表評定。

 ( 林雲浩 )
 高等法院原訟法庭法官

原告人: 由楊源禧律師事務所轉聘黃宇逸大律師代表

第一被告: 無律師代表,缺席聆訊

第二及第三被告: 無律師代表,親自應訊

105328-EN-2016-08-05

CHU TIK KWONG v. CHOW CHUNG HEI AND OTHERS

HTML content

HCMP 1736/2015

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE

HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE

MISCELLANEOUS PROCEEDINGS NO 1736 of 2015

________________________

 IN THE MATTER of All Those 55 equal undivided 279,034th parts or shares of and in ALL THAT piece or parcel of ground registered in the Land Registry as THE REMAINING PORTION OF SHA TIN TOWN LOT NO 365 (Flat 11 on 36/F of Block E, Kam Fung Court, No 638 Sai Sha Road, Shatin, New Territories)
and
 IN THE MATTER of a deed of assignment dated 15th May 2012 and registered in the Land Registry by Memorial No 12061401040364 (“the Deed of Assignment”)
 and
 IN THE MATTER of section 60 of the Conveyancing and Property Ordinance, Cap 219

________________________

BETWEEN  
 CHU TIK KWONGPlaintiff
 and 
 CHOW CHUNG HEI1st Defendant
 NGAI PO YING2nd Defendant
 CHOW CHEUNG CHAU KEVIN3rd Defendant

________________________

Before: Deputy High Court Judge Kwok SC in Court
Date of Hearing: 1 August 2016
Date of Decision: 1 August 2016
Date of Reasons for Decision: 5 August 2016

__________________________________

REASONS FOR DECISION

__________________________________

Introduction

1.  On 1 August 2016, I ordered that:

(1)  the 2nd Affirmation of Chu Tik Kwong (the plaintiff) filed on 30 March 2016 be expunged from the Court file and costs be reserved.

(2)(a) Proceedings be continued as if the cause or matter had been begun by writ;
 (b) The plaintiff do serve Statement of Claim on the defendants within 28 days;
 (c) The 2nd and 3rd defendants do serve their respective Defences within 28 days thereafter;
 (d) The 2nd and 3rd defendants’ costs of proceedings up to date be taxed and paid by the plaintiff to the 2nd and 3rd defendant forthwith.

2.  I now give my reasons for my decision.

Expunging affirmation

3.  Order 41, rule 5 of the Rules of the High Court, Cap 4A provides that:

“(1) Subject to Order 14, rules 2(2) and 4(2), to Order 86, rule 2(1), to paragraph (2) of this rule and to any order made under Order 38, rule 3, an affidavit may contain only such facts as the deponent is able of his own knowledge to prove.

(2)   An affidavit sworn for the purpose of being used in interlocutory proceedings may contain statements of information or belief with the sources and grounds thereof.”

4.  The 2nd Affirmation of Chu Tik Kwong (the plaintiff) filed on 30 March 2016 runs to 11 pages.  Essentially, it is a document setting out the plaintiff’s arguments and contains some hearsay evidence.  Plainly, it contravenes Order 41, rule 5(1) that an affidavit may contain only such facts as are within the deponent’s personal knowledge.  It should never have been prepared and filed.  It has no place in the court record.  I ordered that it be expunged.  Order 41, rule 5(1) is to be observed, not flouted.

Genuine or substantial issues of fact

5.  The 1st defendant (husband) and 2nd defendant (wife) are a married couple.  The 3rd defendant is their son.

6.  The 1st and 2nd defendants were the owners of the Property, a flat under the Home Ownership Scheme.

7.  By an assignment dated 15 May 2012, the 1st and 2nd defendant assigned the Property to the 2nd and 3rd defendants, with nil consideration.

8.  By an Order dated 20 February 2013, Poon J (as he then was) ordered in HCCW 557/2004 that the 1st defendant in this Action who was the 1st respondent in the winding up proceedings do pay $617,621.20 within seven days to acquire the petitioner’s shares in a named company.

9.  The plaintiff deposed to his belief that:

“[The 1st defendant] was conspiring with the 2nd defendant and the 3rd defendant to transfer his interest and title of and in the Property to them with the assistance of [Messrs Tam & Partners, solicitors] knowingly for the purpose of defeating my claim against him for the said judgement debt in the sum of HK$617,621.20 as well as to enable him to evade enforcement action with respect thereto.”

10.  I note that the Assignment dated 15 May 2012 preceded the Order of Poon J dated 20 February 2013 by more than nine months.

11.  The plaintiff seeks to invoke section 60 of the Conveyancing and Property Ordinance, Cap 219, which provides that:

“ (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), every disposition of property made, whether before or after the commencement of this section, with intent to defraud creditors, shall be voidable, at the instance of any person thereby prejudiced.”

12.  The 2nd and 3rd defendants deposed that the 1st defendant had been working in the Mainland since 2000 and was seldom in Hong Kong.  Since the 1st defendant was no longer living in Hong Kong, he decided to transfer the Property to the 2nd and 3rd defendants who were residing in the Property.  The transfer was made with the permission of Director of Housing.

13.  It is clear beyond peradventure that the dispute whether the disposition of the Property by the Assignment was made “with intent to defraud creditors” within the meaning of section 60 involves a genuine or substantial dispute of fact.  Plainly, the plaintiff should have anticipated the dispute to be raised by the defendants.

14.  With such a dispute of fact, proceeding by the originating summons procedure is plainly inappropriate.

15.  I therefore ordered the proceedings to continue as if the cause or matter had been begun by writ.  I also directed the service of pleadings.  By wrongly resorting to the originating summons procedure, costs up to date had been wasted and I ordered the plaintiff to bear and pay costs up to date.

 (Kenneth Kwok SC)
 Deputy High Court Judge

Mr Peter Yu, instructed by Y H Yeung and Associates, for the plaintiff

The 1st defendant was not represented and did not appear

The 2nd and 3rd defendants appeared in person